3.16 Week8 Note

Microprocessor / Microcontroller

memory: registers, SRAM, DRAM, EEPROM, FLASH, fuse
peripherals: A/D, comparator, D/A, timer/counter/PWM, USART, USB
word size: 8, 16, 32, 64
families: 8051, PIC, MSP, AVR (what we going to use), ARM STM32 mbed, PSoC xCORE Propeller
vendors: Octopart, Digi-Key, Mouser, Newark, Farnell, SparkFun, Adafruit
clocks
- types:
  - RC (10%, 1% calibrated 校准)
  - ceramic 陶瓷 (0.5%)
  - quartz (50 ppm)
    - PLL
    - instruction cycles
    - overclocking

in-system development (load a program into the processor)
- ISP (header, pads, clip) the program talk to the programmer
  - bootloader: Arduino, DFU, Micronucleus
  - JTAG, PDI
  - ICE
programmers
- ISP
  - FabISP
  - avrdude
    - JTAG, PDI
  - Atmel-ICE
assembly language 汇编语言: hex file, instruction set, opcodes, mnemonics, directives, expressions, avr-as, gavrasm
C (arduino underlying language): need a Compiler（编译器）to turn C language into hex codes.
- AVR is designed with GCC(the GNU Compiler Collection) in mind. AVR Libc are the bindings for C to talk to AVRs
- For OS X, use CrossPack for AVR® Development
- In a word, we are going to use UCC to compile C code to hex code for AVRs.
IDE
- write, complie, load
- Atmel Studio, Eclipse, AVR, CodeBender
Interpreters(but too slow): Python, BASIC, FORTH, AVRSH, Javascript(Espruino, Tessel, iop.io)

access for the serial port like pyserial
FTDI: offering a wide range of products including modules, cables, and integrated circuits for USB connectivity, super bridging MCUs and display systems.
- cable
  
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- libFTDI